See bruun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "bruun"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "brin"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "bryen"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brùin"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brein"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "broin"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "broen"
},
{
"lang": "West Flemish",
"lang_code": "vls",
"word": "bruun"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brūns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"id": "brown"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūn, from Proto-West Germanic *brūn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruunre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruunre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruunre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruun",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruun",
"name": "dum-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brun"
},
"name": "dum-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "dum",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "dum:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brown"
],
"id": "en-bruun-dum-adj-XrZ~n4QJ",
"links": [
[
"brown",
"brown"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruun"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"id": "brown"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūn, from Proto-West Germanic *brūn.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruun m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bruun m",
"name": "dum-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bear character in the story of Reynard the fox."
],
"id": "en-bruun-dum-noun-Vi~8OzA2",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bruun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjectives",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch masculine nouns",
"Middle Dutch nouns",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (brown)",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"dum:Colors"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "bruun"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "brin"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "bryen"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brùin"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brein"
},
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "broin"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "broen"
},
{
"lang": "West Flemish",
"lang_code": "vls",
"word": "bruun"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruin"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brūns"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"id": "brown"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūn, from Proto-West Germanic *brūn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brune",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruunre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruunre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruunre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brunen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruun",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruun",
"name": "dum-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brun"
},
"name": "dum-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"brown"
],
"links": [
[
"brown",
"brown"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch adjectives",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch masculine nouns",
"Middle Dutch nouns",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (brown)",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"dum:Colors"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"id": "brown"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūn, from Proto-West Germanic *brūn.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruun m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "bruun m",
"name": "dum-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bear character in the story of Reynard the fox."
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "bruun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruun meaning in Middle Dutch (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.